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In recent years,
researchers have uncovered the biological clocks'
equivalent of a real clock's springs and
gears.
Scientists have
found that interconnected molecules and genes
nestled inside specific body cells come on and off
with a roughly 24 hour cadence. Now that the clock
itself is known, scientists are trying to figure
out how these clocks drive body
functions.
Since genes make
up a cell's operating instructions, Dr. Weitz and
his colleagues suspected that the clock controls
body functions by turning certain genes on and off
at particular times.
Working with the
liver and heart tissue from lab mice, the
scientists surveyed about 12,000 genes (roughly a
third of all the genes present in mice) at
different times of day.
Each tissue had
about 5000 active genes, and about a tenth of those
were becoming less or more active at certain times
of day. That means a large proportion of genes is
specifically devoted to the rhythmic activities of
each organ, Dr Weitz said.
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